See der- on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "der-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 18 18 5 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bavarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 18 19 7 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 16 16 4 18 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 17 17 2 19 2 4 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cognate to the German prefix er-",
"Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates a successful conclusion, leads to the wanted result."
],
"id": "en-der--bar-prefix-fkPQdgFe",
"links": [
[
"er-",
"er-#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "der- + drucka (“to push, squeeze”) → derdrucka (“to squeeze dead, to crush something”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "der- + friern (“to freeze”) → derfriern (“to freeze to death”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cognate to the German prefix er-",
"Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates killing or dying."
],
"id": "en-der--bar-prefix-xGy0r~zq",
"links": [
[
"er-",
"er-#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "der- + årwatn (“to work”) → derårwatn (“to gain something by means of working for it”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cognate to the German prefix er-",
"Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates getting something by some means, usually through conscious effort."
],
"id": "en-der--bar-prefix-qEuS7x7O",
"links": [
[
"er-",
"er-#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "der- + renna (“to run”) → derrenna (“to run fast enough to catch something”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to accomplish doing something difficult"
],
"id": "en-der--bar-prefix-A4sWSRZ3",
"raw_glosses": [
"(with a transitive verb) to accomplish doing something difficult"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with a transitive verb"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "der- + renna (“to run”) → si derrenna (“to run too fast, having an accident”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to have exceeded doing something, having unpleasant consequences"
],
"id": "en-der--bar-prefix-ITHtSyr8",
"raw_glosses": [
"(with a reflexive verb) to have exceeded doing something, having unpleasant consequences"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with a reflexive verb"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/d̥ɐ/"
}
],
"word": "der-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "der-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Eupen Limburgish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Limburgish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"there"
],
"id": "en-der--li-prefix-4kTxh~aW",
"links": [
[
"there",
"there"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Eupen) there"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dəʁ/"
}
],
"word": "der-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "der-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Luxembourgish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"id": "en-der--lb-prefix-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/deʀ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[dɐ]"
}
],
"word": "der-"
}
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_text": "From Persian.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "der-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "derbare"
},
{
"word": "derheq"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms words with meanings related to being in, on, and around"
],
"id": "en-der--kmr-prefix-D0aKk7lc",
"links": [
[
"in",
"in#English"
],
[
"on",
"on#English"
],
[
"around",
"around#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "der-"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "From der.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "der-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Kurdish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "deranîn"
},
{
"word": "derçûn"
},
{
"word": "derketin"
},
{
"word": "derkirin"
},
{
"word": "derxistin"
}
],
"glosses": [
"out, outside, outdoors"
],
"id": "en-der--kmr-prefix-zOhpoP8i",
"links": [
[
"out",
"out"
],
[
"outside",
"outside"
],
[
"outdoors",
"outdoors"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "der-"
}
{
"etymology_text": "From dí-ro-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "der-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"very; intensifying prefix"
],
"id": "en-der--sga-prefix-ypFNkgQ~",
"links": [
[
"very",
"very"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "der-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dér-e-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Vedic Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa-ved",
"roman": "dárt",
"word": "दर्त्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dér-t ~ *dr-ént"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "dṛṇā́ti",
"word": "दृणाति"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*dr̥náHti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "dər^ənəṇti",
"word": "𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬌"
},
{
"lang": "Khotanese",
"lang_code": "kho",
"word": "dar(r)-"
},
{
"lang": "Baluchi",
"lang_code": "bal",
"roman": "dirt",
"sense": "to tear up",
"word": "درت"
},
{
"lang": "Baluchi",
"lang_code": "bal",
"roman": "dirr",
"word": "در"
},
{
"lang": "Baluchi",
"lang_code": "bal",
"roman": "din-",
"word": "دن"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ckb",
"roman": "diřīn",
"word": "دڕین"
},
{
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ckb",
"roman": "diř-",
"word": "دڕ"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"roman": "dirīn",
"word": "dirîn"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"roman": "dir-",
"word": "dir"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "sdh",
"roman": "diřīn",
"word": "دڕین"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "sdh",
"roman": "diř-",
"word": "دڕ"
}
],
"lang": "Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ku"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gurani",
"lang_code": "hac",
"roman": "diřāy",
"sense": "to tear",
"word": "دڕیای"
},
{
"lang": "Gurani",
"lang_code": "hac",
"roman": "dir-",
"word": "در"
},
{
"lang": "Zazaki",
"lang_code": "zza",
"roman": "dirnāyan",
"sense": "to tear off, cut off",
"word": "dirnayen"
},
{
"lang": "Zazaki",
"lang_code": "zza",
"roman": "dirrā-",
"word": "diřa"
}
],
"lang": "Zaza-Gorani",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Book Pahlavi script",
"lang_code": "pal",
"word": "SDKWNtn'"
},
{
"lang": "Book Pahlavi script",
"lang_code": "pal",
"word": "dlytn'"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dari",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "darrīdan",
"word": "دریدن"
},
{
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"lang_code": "fa-ira",
"roman": "darrīdan",
"word": "دریدن"
},
{
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "darridan",
"word": "даррӣдан"
}
],
"lang": "Classical Persian",
"lang_code": "fa-cls",
"roman": "darrīdan",
"word": "دریدن"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Northern Luri",
"lang_code": "lrc",
"roman": "derrnyı",
"word": "دڕنیێ"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Luri",
"lang_code": "lrc",
"roman": "derr-",
"word": "دڕ"
},
{
"lang": "Bakhtiari",
"lang_code": "bqi",
"roman": "derniđen",
"word": "دڕنیڌن"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Luri",
"lang_code": "luz",
"roman": "derniđen",
"word": "دڕنیڌن"
}
],
"lang": "Lurish",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*dr̥náHti"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*dr̥náHti"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dr̥-néH-ti ~ *dr̥-nH-énti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "*taurnan",
"word": "*𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "aftaurnan",
"word": "𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "distaurnan",
"word": "𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"word": "*turnaną"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dr̥-nh₂-é-ti ~ *dr̥-nh₂-é-nti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "dadā́ra",
"word": "ददार"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "dédartai",
"word": "δέδαρται"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*de-dór-e ~ *de-dr-ḗr"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "dérma",
"word": "δέρμα"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*dérmə"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dér-mn̥ ~ *dr̥-mnés"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"word": "*turþiz"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "dársis",
"word": "δάρσις"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*də́rtis"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "dṛ́ti",
"word": "दृति"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*dŕ̥tiṣ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*dŕ̥tiš"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dr̥-tis"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Breton",
"lang_code": "xbm",
"word": "darn"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"word": "darn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "darn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "darn"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"word": "*darn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"sense": "piece, slice of fish",
"word": "darne"
}
],
"lang": "Gaulish",
"lang_code": "cel-gau",
"word": "*darnā"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*darnos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Breton",
"lang_code": "xbm",
"word": "darn"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"word": "darn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "darn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "darn"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"word": "*darn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"sense": "piece, slice of fish",
"word": "darne"
}
],
"lang": "Gaulish",
"lang_code": "cel-gau",
"word": "*darnā"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*darnā"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"word": "*turnaz"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"word": "*dь̀rnъ"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dr̥-nos"
},
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "djerr"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"word": "di̇̀rti"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"word": "*dьràti"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dírāˀtei"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"word": "drécht"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"tags": [
"derived"
]
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*trinnaną"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*trannijaną"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "dárdarṣi",
"word": "दर्दर्षि"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "niždarədaⁱriiāt̰",
"word": "𐬥𐬌𐬲𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬛𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬝"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dárdarti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "dīryáte",
"word": "दीर्यते"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*dr̥Hyátay"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dr̥Hyátay"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Classical Persian",
"lang_code": "fa-cls",
"roman": "dirra",
"sense": "skin; a kind of Islamic punishment which related to sewing skin of the sinful person",
"word": "دره"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*dr̥Hakah"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dr̥Hakas"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "dṝ",
"word": "दॄ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*dar-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*dar-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tocharian A",
"lang_code": "xto",
"word": "tsär-"
},
{
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"lang_code": "txb",
"word": "tsär-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
"lang_code": "ine-toc-pro",
"word": "*tsär-"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "*der-",
"name": "ine-root"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/der-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to split, to separate"
],
"id": "en-der--ine-pro-root-tG5AfeFU",
"links": [
[
"split",
"split"
],
[
"separate",
"separate"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to tear, to crack, to shatter"
],
"id": "en-der--ine-pro-root-gxN023DO",
"links": [
[
"tear",
"tear"
],
[
"crack",
"crack"
],
[
"shatter",
"shatter"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "der-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bavarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bavarian lemmas",
"Bavarian prefixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "der-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cognate to the German prefix er-",
"Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates a successful conclusion, leads to the wanted result."
],
"links": [
[
"er-",
"er-#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "der- + drucka (“to push, squeeze”) → derdrucka (“to squeeze dead, to crush something”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "der- + friern (“to freeze”) → derfriern (“to freeze to death”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cognate to the German prefix er-",
"Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates killing or dying."
],
"links": [
[
"er-",
"er-#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "der- + årwatn (“to work”) → derårwatn (“to gain something by means of working for it”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cognate to the German prefix er-",
"Inseparable verbal prefix that indicates getting something by some means, usually through conscious effort."
],
"links": [
[
"er-",
"er-#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "der- + renna (“to run”) → derrenna (“to run fast enough to catch something”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to accomplish doing something difficult"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with a transitive verb) to accomplish doing something difficult"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with a transitive verb"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "der- + renna (“to run”) → si derrenna (“to run too fast, having an accident”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to have exceeded doing something, having unpleasant consequences"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with a reflexive verb) to have exceeded doing something, having unpleasant consequences"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with a reflexive verb"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/d̥ɐ/"
}
],
"word": "der-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "der-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Eupen Limburgish",
"Limburgish entries with incorrect language header",
"Limburgish lemmas",
"Limburgish prefixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"there"
],
"links": [
[
"there",
"there"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Eupen) there"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dəʁ/"
}
],
"word": "der-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "der-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Luxembourgish entries with incorrect language header",
"Luxembourgish lemmas",
"Luxembourgish prefixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/deʀ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[dɐ]"
}
],
"word": "der-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Northern Kurdish entries with incorrect language header",
"Northern Kurdish lemmas",
"Northern Kurdish prefixes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "derbare"
},
{
"word": "derheq"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_text": "From Persian.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "der-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forms words with meanings related to being in, on, and around"
],
"links": [
[
"in",
"in#English"
],
[
"on",
"on#English"
],
[
"around",
"around#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "der-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Northern Kurdish entries with incorrect language header",
"Northern Kurdish lemmas",
"Northern Kurdish prefixes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "deranîn"
},
{
"word": "derçûn"
},
{
"word": "derketin"
},
{
"word": "derkirin"
},
{
"word": "derxistin"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "From der.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "der-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"out, outside, outdoors"
],
"links": [
[
"out",
"out"
],
[
"outside",
"outside"
],
[
"outdoors",
"outdoors"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "der-"
}
{
"etymology_text": "From dí-ro-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "der-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish prefixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"very; intensifying prefix"
],
"links": [
[
"very",
"very"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "der-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with etymon",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dér-e-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Vedic Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa-ved",
"roman": "dárt",
"word": "दर्त्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dér-t ~ *dr-ént"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "dṛṇā́ti",
"word": "दृणाति"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*dr̥náHti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "dər^ənəṇti",
"word": "𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬌"
},
{
"lang": "Khotanese",
"lang_code": "kho",
"word": "dar(r)-"
},
{
"lang": "Baluchi",
"lang_code": "bal",
"roman": "dirt",
"sense": "to tear up",
"word": "درت"
},
{
"lang": "Baluchi",
"lang_code": "bal",
"roman": "dirr",
"word": "در"
},
{
"lang": "Baluchi",
"lang_code": "bal",
"roman": "din-",
"word": "دن"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ckb",
"roman": "diřīn",
"word": "دڕین"
},
{
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ckb",
"roman": "diř-",
"word": "دڕ"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"roman": "dirīn",
"word": "dirîn"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"roman": "dir-",
"word": "dir"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "sdh",
"roman": "diřīn",
"word": "دڕین"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "sdh",
"roman": "diř-",
"word": "دڕ"
}
],
"lang": "Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ku"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gurani",
"lang_code": "hac",
"roman": "diřāy",
"sense": "to tear",
"word": "دڕیای"
},
{
"lang": "Gurani",
"lang_code": "hac",
"roman": "dir-",
"word": "در"
},
{
"lang": "Zazaki",
"lang_code": "zza",
"roman": "dirnāyan",
"sense": "to tear off, cut off",
"word": "dirnayen"
},
{
"lang": "Zazaki",
"lang_code": "zza",
"roman": "dirrā-",
"word": "diřa"
}
],
"lang": "Zaza-Gorani",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Book Pahlavi script",
"lang_code": "pal",
"word": "SDKWNtn'"
},
{
"lang": "Book Pahlavi script",
"lang_code": "pal",
"word": "dlytn'"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dari",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "darrīdan",
"word": "دریدن"
},
{
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"lang_code": "fa-ira",
"roman": "darrīdan",
"word": "دریدن"
},
{
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "darridan",
"word": "даррӣдан"
}
],
"lang": "Classical Persian",
"lang_code": "fa-cls",
"roman": "darrīdan",
"word": "دریدن"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Northern Luri",
"lang_code": "lrc",
"roman": "derrnyı",
"word": "دڕنیێ"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Luri",
"lang_code": "lrc",
"roman": "derr-",
"word": "دڕ"
},
{
"lang": "Bakhtiari",
"lang_code": "bqi",
"roman": "derniđen",
"word": "دڕنیڌن"
},
{
"lang": "Southern Luri",
"lang_code": "luz",
"roman": "derniđen",
"word": "دڕنیڌن"
}
],
"lang": "Lurish",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*dr̥náHti"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*dr̥náHti"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dr̥-néH-ti ~ *dr̥-nH-énti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "*taurnan",
"word": "*𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "aftaurnan",
"word": "𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "distaurnan",
"word": "𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"word": "*turnaną"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dr̥-nh₂-é-ti ~ *dr̥-nh₂-é-nti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "dadā́ra",
"word": "ददार"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "dédartai",
"word": "δέδαρται"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*de-dór-e ~ *de-dr-ḗr"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "dérma",
"word": "δέρμα"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*dérmə"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dér-mn̥ ~ *dr̥-mnés"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"word": "*turþiz"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "dársis",
"word": "δάρσις"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*də́rtis"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "dṛ́ti",
"word": "दृति"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*dŕ̥tiṣ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*dŕ̥tiš"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dr̥-tis"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Breton",
"lang_code": "xbm",
"word": "darn"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"word": "darn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "darn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "darn"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"word": "*darn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"sense": "piece, slice of fish",
"word": "darne"
}
],
"lang": "Gaulish",
"lang_code": "cel-gau",
"word": "*darnā"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*darnos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Breton",
"lang_code": "xbm",
"word": "darn"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"word": "darn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "darn"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "darn"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"word": "*darn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"sense": "piece, slice of fish",
"word": "darne"
}
],
"lang": "Gaulish",
"lang_code": "cel-gau",
"word": "*darnā"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*darnā"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"word": "*turnaz"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"word": "*dь̀rnъ"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dr̥-nos"
},
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "djerr"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"word": "di̇̀rti"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"word": "*dьràti"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dírāˀtei"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"word": "drécht"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"tags": [
"derived"
]
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*trinnaną"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*trannijaną"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "dárdarṣi",
"word": "दर्दर्षि"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "niždarədaⁱriiāt̰",
"word": "𐬥𐬌𐬲𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬛𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬝"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dárdarti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "dīryáte",
"word": "दीर्यते"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*dr̥Hyátay"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dr̥Hyátay"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Classical Persian",
"lang_code": "fa-cls",
"roman": "dirra",
"sense": "skin; a kind of Islamic punishment which related to sewing skin of the sinful person",
"word": "دره"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*dr̥Hakah"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*dr̥Hakas"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "dṝ",
"word": "दॄ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*dar-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*dar-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tocharian A",
"lang_code": "xto",
"word": "tsär-"
},
{
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"lang_code": "txb",
"word": "tsär-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
"lang_code": "ine-toc-pro",
"word": "*tsär-"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "*der-",
"name": "ine-root"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/der-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to split, to separate"
],
"links": [
[
"split",
"split"
],
[
"separate",
"separate"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to tear, to crack, to shatter"
],
"links": [
[
"tear",
"tear"
],
[
"crack",
"crack"
],
[
"shatter",
"shatter"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "der-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for der- meaning in All languages combined (14.9kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Eupen",
"path": [
"der-"
],
"section": "Limburgish",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "der-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Eupen",
"path": [
"der-"
],
"section": "Limburgish",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "der-",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.